According to Wikipedia, manufacturing means the production of products through various biological and chemical processes using labor, machinery, and equipment for the purpose of use or sale. From handicrafts to modern technology-based production. However, the production of manufactured goods is generally defined as the production of a product in a factory by mechanical means, where a large quantity of raw material is manufactured. Distributors are responsible for selling the products to retailers. Wholesalers sell the products to retailers. Consumers ultimately purchase the products from retailers. However, sometimes the products produced are used as raw materials for the preparation of more complex products. What are production methods and production management?
Production method:
Different types of production methods are followed in the present industrial factories. We can divide the product manufacturing system into the following different ways.
(A) Intermittent Production :
(1) Job Manufacturing
(2) Batch or lot manufacturing
B. Continual production
(1) Mass production
(2) Procedure production
(A) Intermittent production:
In the intermittent production system, the equipment is reshuffle and rearrange due to changes in the design. Quality of the product and due to this the production process is sometimes stop. The following are two methods of intermittent production:
1) Job production:
In such a production system, the product is produced according to the demand of the consumer. The buyer provides full details of the goods in his order letter. The production department of the supplier company manufactures the products as per the description and instructions. In order to produce the product according to the specific description, the production department has to make some adjustments, additions, and rearrangements of the equipment so that they can make the product easily and efficiently. Therefore, the company has to stop production for some time if necessary. Even in the present age of industrialization, many kinds of products are produced through job production.
(2) Batch or lot production
This type of production method is usually follow in medium-sized industrial plants. This method is call batch or lot production as more or less two or more types of products are produce (at regular intervals). There are many similarities between the batch production method and the job production method. The quantity produced in the batch production system is comparatively huge. In this system, after the completion of production of one batch of goods, equipment is employe for the production of other batches of goods. In this field how many instruments are use for a specific purpose and the remaining other instruments are use for general purposes. Most engineering companies adopt batch production methods. In this production system, various products are produce and store and after receiving the order the goods are sold or suppli.
(B) Endless production:
This method of production has a system of mass production and it allows non-stop production. These methods and machinery have been using for many years. Consequently, production methods and machinery have not changed significantly. Such production methods are use in automobile manufacturing and weaving industries.
(1) Mass production
This production method requires specially designed equipment layout, equipment used for a purpose, and valuable equipment. The use of automated equipment in this system results in the automatic advancement of production materials or products from one process of production to the next. This method uses certain quality raw materials and machinery to produce certain quality products. In this system, each of the different types of equipment is engage in a work of a specific nature. This method is follow in the garment industry. Each device is configure in such a way that it can be use to produce only one type of product. Various types of mechanical vehicles, cranes, etc. are use in this production area to avoid the difficulty of movement of goods.
(2) Procedural production:
In this endless system of production, the process of homogeneous production is adopt. Procedural production methods use the most advance and automated equipment and tools possible. In this production process, a major raw material is converte into a variety of complementary products. For example, in an oil refinery, crude oil is convert into liquids such as kerosene, petroleum, gasoline, etc.
What is production management?
Introduction:
At present industrial establishments are engage in the production of various types of commodities. In most cases, this type of production involves the addition of a variety of components. For example, the production of a typewriter requires several thousand parts, the construction of a single aircraft requires about two and a half million parts, and even the production of a drilling alpine requires about 20 different activities.
All these requirements of production, preparation of parts or raw materials, timely delivery or unloading of them. The commencement of production work on time and completion of production work within the stipulated time. Re-engagement in the production of new products cannot be accomplish without proper planning and control. This production planning and control work is entrust to the production department under the management of The production manager. The concept of production management is derive from the use of the two words “production and management”.
Production process
Raw materials supplied to the manufacturing establishment are suitable for the use of other materials for production in various processes which are converte into production. The input (output) diagram is shown below.
- Process
- Stored
- Inspection
Ingredients:
Materials are the primary and most valuable part of a production system. Materials are the investment of production that is produce through conversion which is the result of creating goods or services. According to the nature of production. Materials can be of different types. Generally raw materials, environment, labor, machinery, capital, energy, facilities, information, technology, and management strategies.
Transformation process:
The transformation process is part of the production system. Raw materials are process at this site using machinery and manpower for the purpose of making finished products. The successful implementation of this process makes it possible to produce the desired quality product in a timely manner.
Production:
Production is the process by which raw materials are create to produce mature products and services. The goal of production management is to create quality products and services. The transformation process requires raw materials are process to make the prescribed quality soap. This soap is the production or output of that factory.
Fruit:
How promising the product is determine by the results. Base on the results, corrective action can be taken if necessary.